| Title: | LOW MASS 1.6 MHz SONOFUSION REACTOR
ICCF 11, Marseille, France; 31 October to 5 November 2004, Jean Paul Biberian, Chairman. |
| DOI No: | 10.1142/9789812774354_0018 |
| Source: | CONDENSED MATTER NUCLEAR SCIENCE (pp 238-252)
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| Author(s): | ROGER STRINGHAM
First Gate Energies, P.O. Box 1230, Kilauea, HI 96754, USA
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| Abstract: | We are using one of the most remarkable pulsing systems that nature offers for producing transient high-energy densities and I have been fortunate enough to be involved with it for over 20 years. Over time, we have increased the frequency of our piezo cavitation drivers and are now at 1.6 MHz and find that our results are the same. Even better, the Qx/reactor g, the energy density, is drastically increased when compared to our 40 and 20 kHz piezo systems.1–3 The cost is decreased by at least an order of magnitude and the durability is greatly increased. All Q values in this paper are dQ/dt J/s or W. The systems differ in several ways because of the 40 times increase in frequency. These 1.6 MHz systems produce more sonoluminescence (SL), and more but smaller bubbles and an energy density in the collapsing bubble system that is the same magnitude as the 40 kHz systems.4,5. In one cycle those small bubbles, initially a few 100 nm in diameter, that are resonance size for the 1.6 MHz input will grow isothermally. After the acoustic wave passes into its positive pressure phase the bubbles collapse violently keeping a portion of their energy. In the final stage of collapse the energy densities are literally astronomical. The collapse process produces from the bubble a jet that implants deuterons into a target foil. The time frame for this 1.6 MHz system is 40 times faster than for the 40 kHz system. The number of deuterons (protons) in the jet drops from 109 to 105 but the deuteron high density remains the same. The 1.6 MHz low mass (LM), device (weighing 20 g) produces the same excess heat, Qx, as the 40 kHz system (weighing 3 kg). The calorimetry is a D2O or H2O flow-through system measuring its Tin and Tout with a DT value probably a little lower than the true value. The flow of D2O is measured at 60 ml/min or 1 ml/s. The total errors in the Qx measurements are in the order of 2 W. These values range up to 40 W depending on acoustic input, temperature, pressure, cavitating liquid, and target. |
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